Effect of laver powder on textual,rheological properties and water distribution of squid (Dosidicus gigas) surimi gel

In order to ameliorate the gel quality of Dosidicus gigas surimi, the effects of laver powder on gel properties, rheological properties, and water-holding capacity (WHC) were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of laver powder could significantly increase the hardness, chewiness, and breaking force of surimi gels. However, the texture indexes and gel strength began to decline when additional amount exceeded 0.6%. Rheological results demonstrated that the addition of laver powder increased the storage modulus (G′) and viscosity of surimi, prolonged protein denaturation temperature in surimi gels. Moreover, the WHC of surimi gel was improved with the increase of laver powder. Further analyses in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that laver powder could shorten the transverse relaxation time, enhanced the combination with water, and altered the distribution of different water categories. The proportion of bound water and immobilized water reached its maximum and minimum at 0.6% of laver powder, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that WHC of surimi gel was negatively correlated well with the proportion of loose-bound water, but positively correlated with the strong-bound water and free water. In conclusion, the results supported that 0.6% was the optimal additional amount of laver powder for the squid-based surimi production based on the current ingredients of surimi products.     

Recent trends for the employment of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) by-products as a source of bioactive compounds with nutritional,functional and preservative applications: a review

Only 50%–60% of total seafood catch is used for human consumption, seafood processing being considered as one of the main sources of by-products. Among marine species, jumbo squid (JS; Dosidicus gigas) represents the most important squid fishery, showing an increasing economic interest in many countries. As for any other marine species, the regular cleaning, dressing and processing produce high quantities of by-products (skin, head, fins, viscera, tentacles, unclaimed mantle, etc.) that are rich in many nutrients (proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, biopolymers, etc.). This review compiles information about extraction and employment of JS by-products with the aim of enhancing their economic value and reduce environmental drawbacks. A special emphasis is given to the relevance in developing methods susceptible to transform by-products into useful and profitable products susceptible to be applied in several industries such as food, medicine, agrochemical or pharmaceutical. Future possible trends for widening this profitable use are mentioned.     

Rapid method for controlling the correct labeling of products containing common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) and main substitute species (Eledone cirrhosa and Dosidicus gigas) by fast real-time PCR

The TaqMan real-time PCR has the highest potential for automation, therefore representing the currently most suitable method for screening, allowing the detection of fraudulent or unintentional mislabeling of species. This work describes the development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system for the detection and identification of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) and main substitute species (Eledone cirrhosa and Dosidicus gigas). This technique is notable for the combination of simplicity, speed, sensitivity and specificity in an homogeneous assay.     

Growth,nutritional quality and safety of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) cultured in the lagoon of Venice (Italy)

Quality aspects of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from a suspended culture in the lagoon of Venice (Valle Dogà) were examined in different seasons over a 1‐year period. Ecophysiological and commercial quality indicators (condition index, content of meat, shell and intervalvar fluid), nutritional quality parameters (proximate and mineral composition, glycogen content, fatty acid profile, cholesterol, plant sterols, fat‐soluble vitamins content) and levels of organic pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides) were determined at different times of the year. Seasonal variations were observed in the nutrient content, with particular regard to moisture (ranging from 866.8 g kg^?1 in June to 938.8 g kg^?1 in September), protein (23.9 g kg^?1 in September to 76.6 g kg^?1 in June), ash (22.5 g kg^?1 in February to 29.5 g kg^?1 in July), lipid (3.0 g kg^?1 in September to 8.8 g kg^?1 in June) and glycogen (0.7 g kg^?1 in September to 11.5 g kg^?1 in February). In spite of this variability, the nutritional quality of the oysters was generally good, especially just before gamete release when the concentration of nutrients was at its maximum. Low levels of organochlorine chemicals were detected in the edible meat of oysters but, because only a limited number of samples were analysed, no general conclusion can be drawn on the safety of seafood from this area. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)鳃氯细胞的超微形态研究

利用透射电子显微镜研究了太平洋牡蛎鳃氯细胞的超微结构。氯细胞主要分布于鳃小叶的基部,呈口袋状,细胞个体较大,在鳃表面有一凹隐的分泌腔。细胞中,细胞核多位于基部,体积较小;具有发达的微细小管系统,但小管的分支程度低;线粒体数量较少且结构不够发达;可见少量的高尔基体,未见内质网。鳃氯细胞是太平洋牡蛎鳃渗透压调节的重要细胞系统。     

阿特拉津在太平洋牡蛎体内的蓄积、分布与消除

采用半静态水质接触染毒法,将太平洋牡蛎分别暴露在阿特拉津质量浓度为10 μg/L和100 μg/L的海水中,研究阿特拉津在太平洋牡蛎体内的蓄积特征、组织分布和消除规律。结果表明,不同暴露质量浓度下,各组织中阿特拉津含量在3～7 d达到平衡,半衰期为0.20～0.32 d,生物富集系数为1.68～3.46 mL/g,鳃和内脏团是太平洋牡蛎的主要蓄积靶组织,而闭壳肌中阿特拉津含量最低。太平洋牡蛎对阿特拉津的消除能力随暴露质量浓度的增大而增强,各组织中阿特拉津的含量随净化时间呈指数下降,净化1 d后的消除率为90.1%～97.1%,其主要代谢途径推测为鳃的作用。     

长牡蛎中类HBGAs的分型及与诺如病毒P粒子 结合特性研究

目的了解长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)消化道组织中类组织血型抗原(histo-blood group antigens,HBGAs)的类型特点,分析其与诺如病毒的结合特性,以探讨长牡蛎富集诺如病毒的机制。方法利用8种HBGAs单克隆抗体,建立长牡蛎中类HBGAs检测的ELISA方法,并分析其主要型别。同时,利用5种体外表达的GII.4型诺如病毒P粒子分析其与长牡蛎中类HBGA的结合特性。结果长牡蛎消化道组织中存在类A,H1,Lea和Ley型HBGA;55019株(2006b变异株)和97-1l株(95/96US变异株)GII.4型诺如病毒P粒子可通过类A、H1和Ley型HBGA与长牡蛎消化道组织相结合,91(Camberwell_91株)和42(Hunter_2004)株可通过类Ley型HBGA与长牡蛎消化道组织相结合,156株(sakai株)不与任何类型类HBGA结合。结论长牡蛎消化道组织中存在类A、H1、Lea和Ley型HBGA,GII.4型诺如病毒主要通过类A、H1和Ley型HBGA与长牡蛎消化道组织相结合。     

船上加工鱿鱼熟片的品质特性

目的:研究船上加工秘鲁鱿鱼熟片的品质特性,对比船上加工、岸上加工对秘鲁鱿鱼熟片品质特性的影响。方法:利用扫描电子显微镜及苏木精-伊红染色观察其微观结构变化;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)分析蛋白组成变化情况;通过测定蛋白疏水性、巯基和羰基含量分析肌肉蛋白氧化变性程度;利用质构仪分析质构特性;检测鱼片中挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)含量、甲醛含量及pH值,并对其进行感官评价。结果:SDS-PAGE结果显示船上加工秘鲁鱿鱼熟片与鱿鱼原料的蛋白条带基本吻合,没有明显的条带产生或消失,全质构分析发现两者在硬度和弹性指标方面不存在显著差异(P0.05);与岸上加工鱿鱼熟片相比,船上加工鱿鱼熟片肌原纤维结构破坏少,表面疏水性低,溴酚蓝结合量为25.22μg,蛋白质变性少,巯基含量为38.98 nmol/mgpro,氧化程度低,羰基含量为0.92 nmol/mg pro;感官评价显示船上加工鱿鱼熟片色泽白皙、较有光泽,具有浓郁的鱿鱼香味,总体接受度高达9.78分。结论:船上加工秘鲁鱿鱼熟片肌肉组织坚实富有弹性,蛋白损失少,TVB-N含量为29.25 mg/100 g,符合GB 2733—2005《鲜、冻动物性水产品卫生标准》,总体品质比岸上加工鱿鱼熟片好,适于二次加工利用。